Lithium ion batteries are rechargeable and composed of cathode, anode, separator and electrolyte composed of LiPF6 or
different salts dissolved in different non aqueous solvent.

Lithium ion batteries are the potential source of rechargeable storage systems because they have the capability to provide
highest gravimetric (Wh/kg) and volumetric energy density (Wh/L).

Lithium ion batteries work on the rocking chair principle. The batteries consist of a cathode and anode material soaked in the electrolyte and separated by an insulator. Usually the cathode is Lithium containing transition oxide material and the anode is a carbonaceous material. During charging lithium ions leave the cathode structure and transport through the electrolyte and get intercalated into anode material. While discharging the lithium releases the electron and moves back to the cathode oxide structure.

Figure 1 shows a comparison between different rechargeable batteries.

Figure 1: Energy Density Comparison of all Rechargeable Storage Batteries Available

As shown in Figure 2 it is observed that manganese based layered and Spinel structures are able to deliver high capacity at a higher voltage range and thus able to deliver both high energy and power density.

Anode

Graphite is the most suitable element to be used as an anode material
when a maximum voltage difference is needed with the cathode material. Presently different types of graphite materials are being used and developed to enhance electronic and ionic conductivities as well as capacity. More powerful anode materials are being investigated to substitute carbonaceous materials and include tin based high capacity Nano materials.

Separator Several industries are still continuing their research works and commercialization to introduce new efficient separators. Celgard and DuPont are currently leading companies in this field,.. We will maintain NDA rules for all participants in our work.